Nuclear reactions occur through the nucleons of the nucleus. Almost there is a transformation of an element to another on or its isotope. Isotopes of the same element give different products. They are accompanied by releasing a huge amount of energy. Peaceful uses of the radioactive isotopes: The medical field [destroying carcinogenic cells by directing the gamma rays ( γ ) emitted from cobalt- 60 or cesium-137 radioactive isotopes to the center of the tumor, implanting needles made from radioactive radium-226 isotope in the carcinogenic tumor to destroy it]. The industrial field [automation of some production lines such as in the pouring of molten steel, in which the source of gamma rays ( γ ) ( cobalt-60 or cesium-137 isotopes ) is placed at one of the sides of pouring machine and a radiations detector which is sensitive to γ – rays is placed on the other side. When the iron mass reaches certain dimensions, the detector can’t receive the γ – rays and thus the pouring process stops.]. The agricultural field [creates mutations in embryos and selects the finest of them to produce plants of greater productivity and resistance to diseases by exposing the seeds to different dosages of γ – rays. Sterilization of the plants and animal products by using γ – rays to preserve them from spoiling and increase their storage time, sterilize male insects by using γ – rays to limit the spread of agricultural pests.]. The scientific research field [tracing the cycle of some substances in plants by placing radioactive isotopes in the main substances that plants use, then tracing the emissions from these substances to know their cycle in the plant, like inserting water that has radioactive oxygen-18 to the plant and following its track]. Harmful effects of nuclear radiation: There are two types of radiations which are ionized radiations and non–ionized radiations. Ionized radiations: These are the radiations that cause changes in the composition of tissues exposed to them. Such as α – radiations , Β – radiations , γ – rays, and X – rays. Ionized radiations Harms: The exposure of the cell to ionized radiations leads to its damage ( ruining ) as follows: The ionization of water molecules that represent the larger part of any living cell / The breaking of the chromosomes / Some genetic deformations / The continuous exposure to the ionized radiations. Some changes occur to the cell that lead to preventing or delaying the cell division or increasing the rate of its division, which leads to carcinogenic tumors. Occurrence of permanent changes in the cell that is genetically transported to the next generations. The result is the birth of new infants that are different from their parents & Death of the cells. The ionized radiation is called with that name or the X- rays is one of the ionized radiation because falling of these radiations on any living body causes ionization of the atoms or molecules that the cells are composed of non–ionized radiations: They are the radiations that do not cause change in the composition of tissues that are exposed to them, Such as Radio waves emitted from cellular phones, microwaves, infrared rays, ultraviolet ray, laser rays and visible rays. Non–ionized radiation harms: The radiation emitted from the cellular towers may cause physiological changes in the nervous system that appear as headaches, dizziness, and fainting symptoms, scientists have agreed that the distance between cellular towers and households must be safe ( at least 6 meters ). The electric and magnetic fields of the radio waves emitted from cellular phones are dangerous to the body cells and also cause an increase in their temperature, due to the absorption of these rays by the cells, Some studies have noted that the use of laptops by placing them on the knees affects fertility. Radiation pollution sources, radioactive wastes, and how to protect yourself from radiation pollution will be focused on. 

Keywords: Nuclear reactions, Peaceful uses of the radioactive isotopes, Harmful effects of nuclear radiation, Radiation pollution sources, Radioactive wastes, and How to protect yourself from radiation pollution

Dr. Badawi completed his Ph.D. in radiation physics in 2010 as a fellowship system between Alexandria University (Egypt) and the Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK.CEN) (Belgium). 
 
He has an active license as an expert in radiation protection from the Nuclear & Radiological Regulatory Authority-Egypt. He also renews, established, and managed the radiation physics research laboratory in the faculty of science, Alex Univ and faculty of science, BAU as well.  
 
Dr. Badawi held  several positions:  
 
• Director of Academic Programs, Faculty of Science, Alamein International University - New Alamein, Egypt since 2022. • Head of Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Lebanon since 2020-2022. • Editor and a Reviewer in 111 international Journals.  • Supervisor for 18 Ph.D. and 33 M.Sc. Thesis. 
 
Throughout his career, he had several running international projects in the radiation field with Russia, Montenegro, Saudi Arabia, Lebanon, India, Bulgaria and Egypt.  
 
Dr. Badawi research interests focus on the field of radiation physics, especially Gamma-ray spectroscopy, radiation detection, and measurement “Calibration Techniques and Protection”. He participated in 26 international conferences and he has published over 115 scientific professional papers. He received more than 2362 citations (h-index = 30).