Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) remains a significant global health burden, with increasing prevalence and substantial heterogeneity in disease onset, progression, and therapeutic response. Despite the recognition of traditional risk factors such as obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and age, their predictive accuracy at an individual level remains limited. Recent advances in genomics and epigenomics have uncovered novel biological markers that offer promising avenues for early detection and stratified risk assessment.

This keynote will highlight emerging genetic and epigenetic markers—including single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), DNA methylation signatures, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs (miRNAs and lncRNAs)—that have been implicated in key pathogenic mechanisms of T2DM such as insulin resistance, pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction, and chronic inflammation. Key findings from genome-wide association studies (GWAS), epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS), and integrative transcriptomic analyses will be discussed, with a focus on their applicability in diverse populations and high-risk groups, including individuals with a family history of diabetes and women with a history of gestational diabetes.

Furthermore, the presentation will explore how these biomarkers, when integrated into multi-omic risk models and supported by artificial intelligence and machine learning approaches, are contributing to the evolving paradigm of precision medicine. This approach holds potential not only for the prediction and prevention of T2DM but also for guiding personalized lifestyle and pharmacological interventions. By translating molecular insights into actionable clinical tools, we can move toward more proactive and individualized diabetes care.

Keywords: Type 2 Diabetes, Epigenetic Biomarkers, Genetic Risk, Precision Medicine, SNPs, Non-coding RNAs.

I am presently working as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Biotechnology and Personalized and Molecular Medicine, Era University, Lucknow and have dedicated myself to Teaching and Research activities for the past 10 years. My research interests include Biomarker analysis, Human Genetics, Metabolic disorders, Genetic polymorphism, micro-RNA Expression Analysis and Cancer genetics. My studies focus on finding novel biomarkers and their potential applications in clinical practice for designing a personalized treatment approach for better patient care. Apart from supervising more than 50 undergraduate, postgraduate and doctoral students, I have to my credit more than 40 research papers in National and International peer-reviewed journals. I had the privilege of receiving the Young Women Achiever Award for contribution to the field of science and technology, SAS Young Research Fellow Membership (SYRFM) by Scholars Academic and Scientific Society (SAS Society) for immense contributions in academics and research, Teachers appreciation award by AMP Society and I am Life Member of Indian Society of Personalized Medicine. I am presently a reviewer for the International Journal of Genetics and Genomics and an editorial board member for the Journal of Diabetes Research and Era's Journal of Medical Research.