Waste generation in the banking industry significantly impacts the environment both directly and indirectly globally, including in Pakistan. The waste produced by banks contributes to environmental degradation and the spread of toxic diseases, which can adversely affect employee well-being and overall bank performance. As environmental issues continue to escalate worldwide, adopting eco-friendly practices has become crucial for businesses. To address these concerns, banks are shifting traditional operational models to green ones to enhance competitiveness and sustainability. Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) has emerged as a vital practice for aligning HR strategies with environmental initiatives. By promoting green behavior among employees, banks can improve their sustainable performance and contribute to broader environmental protection efforts. This study aims to investigate the role of Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) practices in enhancing the sustainable performance of banks in Pakistan. Specifically, this study examines how employee green behavior (EGB) mediates the relationship between GHRM and sustainable performance. Additionally, the study explores the moderating effect of green servant leadership (GSL) on the relationship between GHRM and sustainable performance. The research framework is grounded in the Ability-Motivation-Opportunity (AMO) theory and Resource-Based View (RBV) theory. This study adopts a quantitative research approach. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire distributed to managers working in the top five banks across Pakistan. A total of 366 questionnaires were distributed to gather responses from the target population. To assess the proposed model, the study utilized Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using SmartPLS software. This analytical approach was employed to examine the relationships between GHRM practices, sustainable performance, employee green behavior, and green servant leadership. The findings reveal that GHRM practices have a positive and significant effect on sustainable performance. Employee green behavior was found to mediate the relationship between GHRM and sustainable performance. Furthermore, green servant leadership was identified as a significant moderator that strengthens the positive relationship between GHRM practices and sustainable performance. These results confirm the theoretical framework by establishing the positive influence of GHRM on bank sustainability, mediated by EGB and strengthened by GSL. This study makes several noteworthy contributions. Theoretically, it extends existing knowledge by examining the link between GHRM, sustainable performance, EGB, and GSL, especially in the context of Pakistani banks. Practically, the findings provide strategic guidelines for the banking sector in Pakistan to improve sustainable performance through GHRM practices. The study highlights the importance of integrating green leadership practices and employee engagement to promote sustainability. Future research is encouraged to explore GHRM practices in various sectors and cultural contexts to enhance understanding of its impact on environmental sustainability. The study's reliance on self-reported data introduces potential response bias, and its focus on Pakistani banks may limit generalizability to other industries and regions.

Prof. Ts. Dr. Norhayati Zakuan is a Director of Business Administration Department, Azman Hashim International Business School, UTM. She obtained her first degree in Mechanical Engineering from UniversitiTeknologi Malaysia, MSc in Engineering and Manufacturing Management from Coventry University, United Kingdom and PhD in Mechanical Engineering (Quality) from UniversitiTeknologi Malaysia. She is a Graduate Member of the Institute of Engineering Malaysia (IEM) and Member of the Board of Engineers Malaysia (BEM). She has more than 15 years industrial experience before joining UTM. After graduating from her first degree, she spent 12 years in Mitsubishi Electric Malaysia as a Senior Mechanical and Quality Manager. Then, she joined COLAB Printing Ltd., United Kingdom for three years as a Technical Specialist before pursuing her master’s degree.  She had published more than 100 journal papers in WOS and SCOPUS index publication. Her current research interests are Quality Engineering and Management, Performance Measurement, Sustainable Manufacturing, Lean Manufacturing, Risk Management and Supply Chain Management.